Formulation and In Vitro Assessment of Polyherbal Oral Rinse Using Azadirachtaindica, Syzygiumaromaticum, and Ocimum sanctum Extracts AgainstGingivitis Infection

Abstract

The present study focuses on the formulation and in vitro evaluation of a polyherbal mouthwash for the management of gingivitis and other oral health problems. Herbal ingredients such as neem (Azadirachtaindica), clove (Syzygiumaromaticum), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and liquorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra) were selected due to their well-known antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. The plant materials were extracted using ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method and incorporated into three different formulations (F1, F2, and F3) with varying concentrations. Excipients such as menthol, propylene glycol, Tween 80, sodium benzoate, and distilled water were used to prepare the mouthwash.The prepared formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, stability, and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. All formulations showed acceptable physical characteristics, stability, and pH within the suitable range for oral use. Among them, formulation F3 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity with the largest zone of inhibition. The results suggest that the polyherbal mouthwash possesses significant antimicrobial activity and can serve as a safe, effective, and economical alternative to conventional chemical mouthwashes for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing gingivitis.